Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of presentation |
(a)Basis of presentation
The condensed consolidated interim financial statements of Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc and its subsidiaries and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and are presented in U.S. dollars. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation. The Company has previously prepared its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board.
The unaudited condensed interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Transition Report on Form 20-F for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2015, each prepared under IFRS and presented in pounds sterling. In order to provide consistent comparability across periods, the Company has prepared an unaudited statement of operations and statement of cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and balance sheets as of December 31 and June 30, 2015 in accordance with U.S. GAAP and presented in U.S. dollars in Note 10 below.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted from these interim financial statements. However, these interim financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the results of the interim period. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.
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| Use of estimates in interim financial statements |
(b)Use of estimates in interim financial statements
The preparation of interim financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP and SEC regulations, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are primarily made in relation to the valuation of share options, revenue recognition and estimating clinical trial expenses. If actual results differ from the Company’s estimates, or to the extent these estimates are adjusted in future periods, the Company’s results of operations could either benefit from, or be adversely affected by, any such change in estimate.
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| Going concern |
(c)Going concern
Management considers that there are no conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued. This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including:
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| Foreign currency |
(d)Foreign currency
The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The Company has previously presented its IFRS consolidated financial statements in pounds sterling but has changed to reporting in U.S. dollars because the Company is now filing financial statements in accordance with the SECs requirements for domestic registrants. Comparative periods have been recast as if the U.S. dollar had been used since at least the earliest period presented in these financial statements.
The Company has determined the functional currency of the ultimate parent company, Adaptimmune Therapeutics Plc is U.S. dollars because it predominately raises finance and expends cash in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of subsidiary operations is the applicable local currency. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the subsidiary in which they occur at the foreign exchange rate in effect on at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are translated into the functional currency of the relevant subsidiary at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized with Other income/(expense) in the Consolidated statement of operations.
The results of operations for subsidiaries, whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, are translated at an average rate for the period where this rate approximates to the foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions and the balance sheet are translated at foreign exchange rates ruling at the balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising from this translation of foreign operations are reported as an item of Other comprehensive income/loss.
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| Fair Value Measurements |
(e)Fair Value Measurements
The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes valuation inputs based on the observable nature of those inputs. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported fair value of the investments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. The hierarchy defines three levels of valuation inputs:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability
The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
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| Comprehensive Loss |
(f)Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is comprised of Net loss and Other comprehensive income or loss. Other comprehensive income or loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments.
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| Cash and cash equivalents |
(g)Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with a maturity at acquisition date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and deposits with maturities of three months or less.
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| Restricted cash |
(h)Restricted cash
The Company’s restricted cash consists of cash providing security for letters of credit in respect of lease agreements.
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| Short-term deposits |
(i)Short-term deposits
Short-term deposits consists of bank deposits with a maturity at acquisition date of between three and twelve months.
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| Clinical materials |
(j)Clinical materials
Clinical materials for use in research and development with alternative future use are capitalized as either Other current assets or Other non-current assets, depending on the timing of their expected consumption.
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| Property, plant and equipment |
(k)Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, less any impairment losses, less accumulated depreciation.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The following table provides the range of estimated useful lives used for each asset type:
Assets under construction are not depreciated until the asset is available and ready for its intended use.
The Company assesses property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable.
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| Intangibles |
(l)Intangibles
Intangibles includes intellectual property (“IP”) rights for licensed technology used in research and development with an alternative future use, which are recorded at cost and amortized over the estimated useful life of the related product. The weighted-average amortization period for IP rights for licensed technology at March 31, 2016 is 7 years.
Intangibles also include acquired computer software licenses, which are recorded at cost and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software.
Intangibles are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable.
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| Segmental reporting |
(m)Segmental reporting
After considering its business activities, the Company has concluded that it operates in just one operating segment being the research and development of therapeutic products.
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| Revenue |
(n)Revenue
Revenue is recognized when earned and realized or realizable, which is generally when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Where applicable, all revenues are stated net of value added and similar taxes.
The Company’s revenue currently arises from a Collaboration and License Agreement with GSK entered into in June 2014 and amended in February 2016 (the “GSK Collaboration and License Agreement”), which requires the Company to provide multiple deliverables to the customer. The Company recognizes revenue for arrangements with multiple deliverables by identifying the separable deliverables within the arrangement, whereby a deliverable is considered separable if it has value to the customer on a standalone basis. The noncontingent arrangement consideration is allocated between the separate deliverables using the relative selling price. The relative selling price is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE), if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or a best estimate of the standalone selling price if neither VSOE nor third party evidence is available. Revenue allocated to each deliverable is recognized as that deliverable is delivered.
Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue in current liabilities. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, less current portion.
Milestone payments which are non-refundable, non-creditable and contingent on achieving clinical milestones are recognized as revenues either on achievement of such milestones if the milestones are considered substantive or over the period the Company has continuing performance obligations, if the milestones are not considered substantive. When determining if a milestone is substantive, the Company considers the following factors:
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| Research and development expenditure |
(o)Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure is expensed as incurred.
Expenses related to clinical trials are recognized as services are received. Nonrefundable advance payments for services are deferred and recognized in the Statement of operations as the services are rendered. This determination is based on an estimate of the services received and there may be instances when the payments to vendors exceed the level of services provided resulting in a prepayment of the clinical expense. If the actual timing of the performance of services varies from our estimate, the accrual or prepaid expense is adjusted accordingly.
Upfront and milestone payments to third parties for in-licensed products or technology which has not yet received regulatory approval and which does not have alternative future use in R&D projects or otherwise are expensed as incurred.
Milestone payments made to third parties either on or subsequent to regulatory approval are capitalized as an intangible asset and amortized over the remaining useful life of the product.
Research and development expenditure is presented net of reimbursements from grants and R&D expenditure credits and reimbursable tax credits from the U.K. government, which are recognized over the period necessary to match the reimbursement with the related costs when it is probable that the Company has complied with any conditions attached and will receive the reimbursement.
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| Operating leases |
(p)Operating leases
Costs in respect of operating leases are charged to the Consolidated statement of operations on a straight line basis over the lease term.
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| Share-based compensation |
(q)Share-based compensation
The Company awards certain employees and nonemployees options over the ordinary shares of the parent company. The cost of share-based awards issued to employees are measured at the grant-date fair value of the award and recognized as an expense over the requisite service period, for those awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The fair value of the options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Share options with graded-vesting schedules are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award.
The Company has awarded share options to nonemployees for consultancy services. These share options are measured at the fair value of the goods/services received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measured, at the then-current fair values at each reporting date until the share options have vested and recognized as an expense over the requisite service period.
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| Retirement benefits |
(r)Retirement benefits
The Company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for its directors and employees. The contributions to this scheme are expensed to the Consolidated statement of operations as they fall due.
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| Income taxes |
(s)Income taxes
Income taxes for the period comprise current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the Consolidated statement of operations except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity.
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the period using tax rates enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax is accounted for using the asset and liability method that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the applicable tax rates. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets.
Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized. Income tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the Consolidated statement of operations as income tax expense.
In interim periods, the tax or benefit related to ordinary income (or loss) is computed at an estimated annual effective tax rate and the tax (or benefit) related to all other items is individually computed and recognized when the items occur.
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| Preferred shares |
(t)Preferred shares
In September 2014, the Company issued 1,758,418 Series A Preferred Shares for net consideration of $98,872,000 after the deduction of fees of $4,949,000. The Preferred Shares were convertible into ordinary shares at the option of the holder at an initial rate of 1:1 reducing to 2:1 on the third anniversary of the issuance, or on the occurrence of an initial public offering at a rate of 1:1 reducing from 1:1 on the first anniversary of the issuance to 2:1 on the third anniversary of the issuance.
The Preferred Shares contained a beneficial conversion feature, which is recognized within Additional paid in capital and accreted over the minimum period in which the investor can recognize that return. The beneficial conversion feature was accreted through a deemed dividend of $6,073,000, $6,434,000 and $2,229,000 in the three months to December 31, 2014, March 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015 respectively. The Preferred Shares were converted into ordinary shares at a rate of 1:1 immediately prior to the Company’s initial public offering on NASDAQ in May 2015. Upon conversion the Company reclassified the carrying amount of the Preferred Shares to Common stock and Additional paid-in capital.
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| Earnings/loss per share |
(u)Earnings/loss per share
Basic earnings/loss per share is determined by dividing net income or loss available to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings/loss per share is determined by dividing net income or loss applicable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of all potential ordinary shares that were outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded when the effect would be to increase diluted earnings per share or reduce diluted loss per share.
The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator in the basic and diluted earnings/loss per share computation (in thousands):
The effects of the following potentially dilutive equity instruments have been excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation because they would have an antidilutive effect on the loss per share for the period:
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| New accounting pronouncements |
(v)New accounting pronouncements
Adopted with effect from January 1, 2016
Accounting for measurement period adjustments
The Company has adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in September 2015 which simplified the accounting for adjustments to provisional measurement in a business combination occurring in the measurement period. The guidance has been adopted prospectively to provisional measurements occurring after the January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have any impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Customer’s accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement
The Company has adopted guidance issued by the FASB in April 2015 which clarifies a customer’s accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. The guidance provides a customer with guidance on whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license and clarifies that the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance has been adopted prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have any impact on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Disclosure of uncertainties about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern
The Company has adopted guidance issued by the FASB in August 2014 which defines management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The adoption of this guidance did not have any impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
To be adopted in future periods
Improvements employee share-based payment accounting
In April 2016, the FASB issued guidance which provided improvements to several aspects of employee share-based payment accounting including simplifications impacting the income tax consequences of share-based payments, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early application is permitted. The guidance provides different adoption methods for specific amendments within the guidance and in some cases a choice of adoption method. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on the consolidated financial statements.
Accounting for leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for leases. The guidance requires that lessees recognize a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term at the commencement date. The guidance also makes targeted improvements to align lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and guidance on revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance is effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early application is permitted. The guidance must be adopted on a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on the consolidated financial statements.
Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities
In January 2016, the FASB amended the guidance on the recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities. The new guidance requires that equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The guidance also requires the use of an exit price when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset. The guidance is effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company does not believe the adoption of the guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Classification of deferred taxes
In November 2015, the FASB amended the guidance on the classification of deferred taxes. The amendments eliminate the requirement to present deferred tax liabilities and assets as current and non-current in a classified balance sheet. Instead, all deferred tax assets and liabilities will be classified as non-current. The amendments are effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, and interim periods within that fiscal year. The amendments may be applied prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company does not believe the adoption of the guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from contracts with customers
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance requiring a new approach to revenue recognition. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.
In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of the guidance by one year resulting in the guidance being effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The guidance can be adopted retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented, subject to certain practical expedients, or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the guidance.
In March 2016, the FASB issued further clarification on the principal versus agent considerations (reporting revenue gross versus net) included within the new revenue recognition guidance. This guidance will be effective upon the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the guidance.
In April 2016, the FASB issued further clarification on identifying performance obligations in a contract with a customer and provided implementation guidance on whether licenses are satisfied at a point in time or over time. This guidance will be effective upon the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the guidance.
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